CVE-2025-37827 – Here is a title for the vulnerability: “btrfs: RAID1 Profile Write Pointer Offset Mismatch NULL Pointer Dereference”

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-37827 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution
of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may
impact the vulnerability’s severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received
    by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    May. 08, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: zoned: return EIO on RAID1 block group write pointer mismatch

    There was a bug report about a NULL pointer dereference in
    __btrfs_add_free_space_zoned() that ultimately happens because a
    conversion from the default metadata profile DUP to a RAID1 profile on two
    disks.

    The stack trace has the following signature:

    BTRFS error (device sdc): zoned: write pointer offset mismatch of zones in raid1 profile
    BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000058
    #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
    #PF: error_code(0x0000) – not-present page
    PGD 0 P4D 0
    Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
    RIP: 0010:__btrfs_add_free_space_zoned.isra.0+0x61/0x1a0
    RSP: 0018:ffffa236b6f3f6d0 EFLAGS: 00010246
    RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff96c8132f3400 RCX: 0000000000000001
    RDX: 0000000010000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff96c8132f3410
    RBP: 0000000010000000 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000000
    R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000ffffffff R12: 0000000000000000
    R13: ffff96c758f65a40 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 000011aac0000000
    FS: 00007fdab1cb2900(0000) GS:ffff96e60ca00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
    CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
    CR2: 0000000000000058 CR3: 00000001a05ae000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0
    Call Trace:

    ? __die_body.cold+0x19/0x27
    ? page_fault_oops+0x15c/0x2f0
    ? exc_page_fault+0x7e/0x180
    ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
    ? __btrfs_add_free_space_zoned.isra.0+0x61/0x1a0
    btrfs_add_free_space_async_trimmed+0x34/0x40
    btrfs_add_new_free_space+0x107/0x120
    btrfs_make_block_group+0x104/0x2b0
    btrfs_create_chunk+0x977/0xf20
    btrfs_chunk_alloc+0x174/0x510
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    btrfs_inc_block_group_ro+0x1b1/0x230
    btrfs_relocate_block_group+0x9e/0x410
    btrfs_relocate_chunk+0x3f/0x130
    btrfs_balance+0x8ac/0x12b0
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x14c/0x3e0
    btrfs_ioctl+0x2686/0x2a80
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? ioctl_has_perm.constprop.0.isra.0+0xd2/0x120
    __x64_sys_ioctl+0x97/0xc0
    do_syscall_64+0x82/0x160
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x11a/0x170
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? kmem_cache_free+0x3f0/0x450
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x10/0x210
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x160
    ? sysfs_emit+0xaf/0xc0
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? seq_read_iter+0x207/0x460
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? vfs_read+0x29c/0x370
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x10/0x210
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x160
    ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
    ? exc_page_fault+0x7e/0x180
    entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
    RIP: 0033:0x7fdab1e0ca6d
    RSP: 002b:00007ffeb2b60c80 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
    RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 00007fdab1e0ca6d
    RDX: 00007ffeb2b60d80 RSI: 00000000c4009420 RDI: 0000000000000003
    RBP: 00007ffeb2b60cd0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000013
    R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
    R13: 00007ffeb2b6343b R14: 00007ffeb2b60d80 R15: 0000000000000001

    CR2: 0000000000000058
    —[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]—

    The 1st line is the most interesting here:

    BTRFS error (device sdc): zoned: write pointer offset mismatch of zones in raid1 profile

    When a RAID1 block-group is created and a write pointer mismatch between
    the disks in the RAID set is detected, btrfs sets the alloc_offset to the
    length of the block group marking it as full. Afterwards the code expects
    that a balance operation will evacuate the data in this block-group and
    repair the problems.

    But before this is possible, the new space of this block-group will be
    accounted in the free space cache. But in __btrfs_
    —truncated—

    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a447f748f6c7287dad68fa91913cd382fa0fcc8
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0c26f47992672661340dd6ea931240213016609
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4717a02cc422cf4bb2dbb280b154a1ae65c5f84
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