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CVE-2025-23135 – RISC-V KVM AIA Exit Vulnerability

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-23135 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution
of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may
impact the vulnerability’s severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received
    by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    Apr. 16, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    RISC-V: KVM: Teardown riscv specific bits after kvm_exit

    During a module removal, kvm_exit invokes arch specific disable
    call which disables AIA. However, we invoke aia_exit before kvm_exit
    resulting in the following warning. KVM kernel module can’t be inserted
    afterwards due to inconsistent state of IRQ.

    [25469.031389] percpu IRQ 31 still enabled on CPU0!
    [25469.031732] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 943 at kernel/irq/manage.c:2476 __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150
    [25469.031804] Modules linked in: kvm(-)
    [25469.031848] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 943 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 6.14.0-rc5-06947-g91c763118f47-dirty #2
    [25469.031905] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
    [25469.031928] epc : __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150
    [25469.031976] ra : __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150
    [25469.032197] epc : ffffffff8007db1e ra : ffffffff8007db1e sp : ff2000000088bd50
    [25469.032241] gp : ffffffff8131cef8 tp : ff60000080b96400 t0 : ff2000000088baf8
    [25469.032285] t1 : fffffffffffffffc t2 : 5249207570637265 s0 : ff2000000088bd90
    [25469.032329] s1 : ff60000098b21080 a0 : 037d527a15eb4f00 a1 : 037d527a15eb4f00
    [25469.032372] a2 : 0000000000000023 a3 : 0000000000000001 a4 : ffffffff8122dbf8
    [25469.032410] a5 : 0000000000000fff a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : ffffffff8122dc10
    [25469.032448] s2 : ff60000080c22eb0 s3 : 0000000200000022 s4 : 000000000000001f
    [25469.032488] s5 : ff60000080c22e00 s6 : ffffffff80c351c0 s7 : 0000000000000000
    [25469.032582] s8 : 0000000000000003 s9 : 000055556b7fb490 s10: 00007ffff0e12fa0
    [25469.032621] s11: 00007ffff0e13e9a t3 : ffffffff81354ac7 t4 : ffffffff81354ac7
    [25469.032664] t5 : ffffffff81354ac8 t6 : ffffffff81354ac7
    [25469.032698] status: 0000000200000100 badaddr: ffffffff8007db1e cause: 0000000000000003
    [25469.032738] [] __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150
    [25469.032797] [] free_percpu_irq+0x30/0x5e
    [25469.032856] [] kvm_riscv_aia_exit+0x40/0x42 [kvm]
    [25469.033947] [] cleanup_module+0x10/0x32 [kvm]
    [25469.035300] [] __riscv_sys_delete_module+0x18e/0x1fc
    [25469.035374] [] syscall_handler+0x3a/0x46
    [25469.035456] [] do_trap_ecall_u+0x72/0x134
    [25469.035536] [] handle_exception+0x148/0x156

    Invoke aia_exit and other arch specific cleanup functions after kvm_exit
    so that disable gets a chance to be called first before exit.
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1521cc04f0b6e737ff30105aa57fa9dde8493231
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1edb2de48616b11ee05e9a65d74c70abcb6d9939
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2d117e67f318303f6ab699a5511d1fac3f170545
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