CVE-2025-54465 – ZKTeco WL20 Hard-Coded MQTT Credentials Disclosure

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-54465 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution
of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may
impact the vulnerability’s severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received
    by [email protected]

    Aug. 13, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.

    Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-798
    Added Reference https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172
    Added Reference https://www.zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20
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